منابع مشابه
Lignin–ferulate cross-links in grasses. Part 4. Incorporation of 5]5-coupled dehydrodiferulate into synthetic lignin
Ferulates and dehydrodiferulates have a significant role in cross-linking polysaccharides to lignin in grass cell walls. Among the various ferulate dehydrodimers, the 5]5-coupled dehydrodimer (E,E)-4,49dihydroxy-3,39-dimethoxy-5,59-bicinnamate is capable of the most extensive cross-linking into lignin, forming major branch-points. However, current literature fails to recognise the role of radic...
متن کاملassessment of the efficiency of s.p.g.c refineries using network dea
data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...
Analytical pyrolysis of lignin: Products stemming from b-5 substructures
This paper addresses the behavior of b-5 substructures in analytical pyrolysis of lignin. Five phenolic 2-arylcoumarans containing a b-5 linkage, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (I) and II–V, and diazomethane-methylated I (Im), were pyrolyzed at 500 C for 4 s. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The major products of I–IV and Im were 4-methylgua...
متن کاملCoupling and Reactions of 5-Hydroxyconiferyl Alcohol in Lignin Formation.
The catechol alcohols, caffeyl and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol, may be incorporated into lignin either naturally or through genetic manipulation. Due to the presence of o-OH groups, these compounds form benzodioxanes, a departure from the interunit connections found in lignins derived from the cinnamyl alcohols. In nature, lignins composed of caffeyl and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol are linear hom...
متن کاملAssessment of hydropyrolysis as a method for the quantification of black carbon using standard reference materials
A wide selection of thermal, chemical and optical methods have been proposed for the quantification of black carbon (BC) in environmental matrices, and the results to date differ markedly depending upon the method used. A new approach is hydropyrolysis (hypy), where pyrolysis assisted by high hydrogen pressures (150 bar) facilitates the complete reductive removal of labile organic matter, so is...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Energy & Fuels
سال: 2015
ISSN: 0887-0624,1520-5029
DOI: 10.1021/ef502779s